Запомните следующие словосочетания в которых артикль не употребляется

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English Grammar

Перед каждым нарицательным существительным должен стоять артикль.

Артикль не употребляется, если перед существительным стоит притяжательное (my) или указательное (this) местоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном падеже (father’s), количественное числительное (five) или отрицание «nо» (не «not»).

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Упражнение 1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is . book. It is my . book. 2. Is this your . pencil? — No, it isn’t my . pencil, it is my sister’s . pencil. 3. I have . sister. My . sister is . engineer. My sister’s . husband is . doctor. 4. I have no . handbag. 5. She has got . headache. 6. Have they got . car? — Yes, they have. Their . car is very expensive but reliable. 7. Have you got . calculator? — No, I haven’t. 8. Is this . watch? — No, it isn’t . watch, it’s . pen. 9. This . pen is good, and that . pen is bad. 10. I can see . pencil on your . table, but I can see no . paper. 11. Give me . chair, please. 12. They have . dog and two . cats. 13. I have . spoon in my . plate, but I have no . soup in it. 14. My . friend says he is going to be . millionaire one . day. 15. Would you like . orange? 16. Mr. Smith is . artist, Mrs. Smith is . poetess.

1. This is a book. It is my book. 2. Is this your pencil? — No, it isn’t my pencil, it is my sister’s pencil. 3. I have a sister. My sister is an engineer. My sister’s husband is a doctor. 4. I have no handbag. 5. She has got a headache. 6. Have they got a car? — Yes, they have. Their car is very expensive but reliable. 7. Have you got a calculator? — No, I haven’t. 8. Is this a watch? — No, it isn’t a watch, it’s a pen. 9. This pen is good, and that pen is bad. 10. I can see a pencil on your table, but I can see no paper. 11. Give me a chair, please. 12, They have a dog and two cats. 13. I have a spoon in my plate, but I have no soup in it. 14. My friend says he is going to be a millionaire one day. 15. Would you like an orange? 16. Mr. Smith is an artist, Mrs. Smith is a poetess.
Упоминая предмет впервые, мы употребляем перед ним неопределенный артикль а(аn) . Упоминая этот же предмет вторично, мы ставим перед ним определенный артикль the .

E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.

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Упражнение 2. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Не hasn’t got . car. But he’s got . computer. . computer is new. 2. My . friends have got . cat and . dog. . dog never bites . cat. 3. This is . tree. . tree is green. 4. I can see three . boys. . boys are playing. 5. I have . bicycle. . bicycle is black. My . friend has no . bicycle. 6. Our . room is large. 7. We wrote . dictation yesterday. . dictation was long. 8. She has two . daughters and one . son. Her . son is . pupil. 9. Last year I gave my . mother . bracelet for her . birthday. She liked . bracelet. 10. My . brother’s . friend has no . dog. 11. This . pencil is broken. Give me that . pencil, please. 12. She has . ball. . ball is . big. 13. I got . letter from my . friend yesterday. . letter was interesting. 14. When they were in Geneva, they stayed at . hotel. Sometimes they had dinner at . hotel and sometimes in . restaurant. 1. He hasn’t got a car. But he’s got a computer. The computer is new. 2. My friends have got a cat and a dog. The dog never bites the cat. 3, This is a tree. The tree is green. 4. I can see three boys. The boys are playing. 5. I have a bicycle. The bicycle is black. My friend has no bicycle. 6. Our room is large. 7. We wrote a dictation yesterday. The dictation was long. 8. She has two daughters and one son. Her son is a pupil. 9. Last year I gave my mother a bracelet for her birthday. She liked the bracelet. 10. My brother’s friendhas no dog. 11. This pencil is broken. Give me that pencil, please. 12. She has a ball. The ball is big. 13. I got a letter from my friend yesterday. The letter was interesting. 14. When they were in Geneva, they stayed at a hotel. Sometimes they had dinner at the hotel and sometimes in a restaurant. 15. I’ve got an idea. 16. What a surprise!
Неопределенный артикль a (an) может употребляться только с исчисляемыми существительными, стоящими в единственном числе. Перед неисчисляемыми существительными или существительными во множественном числе неопределенный артикль опускается. Определенный артикль the употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, как с единственным, так и с множественным числом.

E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.
The book — исчисляемое в единственном числе
This is × meat. The meat is fresh.
The meat — неисчисляемое
These are × books. The books are good .
The books — множественное число
× — отсутствие артикля

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Упражнение 3. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is . pen. . pen is red. 2. These are pencils. . pencils are black. 3. This is . spup. . soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat . sandwich and drink . tea. 5. She gave me . coffee and . cake. . coffee was hot. . cake was tasty. 6. Do you like . ice cream? 7. I see . book in your . hand. Is . book interesting? 8. Do you need . camera? 9. He never eats . meat, he always eats . vegetables, . cereals, . seeds, . fruit, and . nuts. He is . vegetarian. 10. This is . pineapple. . pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, . apples are good for you! 12. My . cousin is upset. He’s got . sore throat. 13. This is . cottage cheese. . cottage cheese is fresh. 14. She bought . meat, . butter and . potatoes yesterday. She also bought . cake. . cake was very . tasty. We ate . cake with . tea. 15. This is my . table. On . table I have . book, two . pencils, . pen and . paper. 16. This is . bag. . bag is brown. It is my sister’s . bag. And this is my . bag. It is . yellow.

1. This is a pen. The pen is red. 2. These are pencils. The pencils are black. 3. This is soup. The soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat a sandwich and drink tea. 5. She gave me coffee and a cake. The coffee was hot. The cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ice cream? 7. I see a book in your hand. Is the book interesting? 8. Do you need a camera? 9. He never eats meat, he always eats vegetables, cereals, seeds, fruit, and nuts. He is a vegetarian. 10. This is a pineapple. The pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, apples are good for you! 12. My cousin is upset. He’s got a sore throat. 13. This is cottage cheese. The cottage cheese is fresh. 14. She bought meat, butter and potatoes yesterday. She also bought a cake. The cake was very tasty. We ate the cake with tea. 15. This is my table. On the table I have a book, two pencils, a pen and paper. 16. This is a bag. The bag is brown. It is my sister’s bag. And this is my bag. It is yellow.
Запомните следующие словосочетания, в которых артикль не употребляется:

at school — в школе

at work — на работе

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Упражнение 4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I have two . sisters. My . sisters are . students. 2. We are at . home. 3. My . brother is not at . home, he is at . school. 4. My . mother is at . work. She is . doctor. 5. I am not . doctor. 6. I have no . sister. 7. He is not . pilot. 8. I have thirty-two . teeth. 9. He has . child. 10. She has two . children. Her children are at . school. 11. Is your father at. home? — No, he is at. work. 12. Where is your . brother? — He is at . home. I have two sisters. My sisters are students. 2. We are at home. 3. My brother is not at home, he is at school. 4. My mother is at work. She is a doctor. 5. I am not a doctor. 6. I have no sister. 7. He is not a pilot. 8. I have thirty-two teeth. 9. He has a child. 10. She has two children. Her children are at school. 11. Is your father at home? — No, he is at work. 12. Where is your brother? — He is at home.
Если перед существительным употребляется прилагательное, оно стоит между артиклем и существительным.

E.g. This is a book. This is a good book.

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Упражнение 5. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. We have . large . family. 2. My granny often tells us . long . interesting .. stories. 3. My . father is . engineer. He works at . factory. . factory is large. 4. My . mother is . doctor. She works at . large . hospital. She is at . work now. 5. My . aunt is . teacher. She works at . school. . school is good. My . aunt is not at . school now. She is at . home. She is drinking . tea and eating . jam. . jam is sweet. I am at . home, too. I am drinking . tea and eating . sandwich. . sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at . school. She is . pupil. 7. My cousin has . big . black . cat. My cousin’s . cat has two . kittens. . cat likes . milk. . kittens like . milk, too. 8. I am . engineer. 9. My . son is . pupil. 10. He is . good . pupil. 11. This is . house. 12. This is my . pencil. 13. You have some . pencils, but I have no . pencil. Give me . pencil, please.

1. We have a large family. 2. My granny often tells us long interesting stories. 3. My father is an engineer. He works at a factory. The factory is large. 4. My mother is a doctor. She works at a large hospital. She is at work now. 5. My aunt is a teacher. She works at school. The school is good. My aunt is not at school now. She is at home. She is drinking tea and eating jam. The jam is sweet. I am at home, too. I am drinking tea and eating a sandwich. The sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at school. She is a pupil. 7. My cousin has a big black cat. My cousin’s cat has two kittens. The cat likes milk. The kittens like milk, too. 8. I am an engineer. 9. My son is a pupil, 10. He is a good pupil. 11. This is a house. 12. This is my pencil. 13. You have some pencils, but I have no pencil. Give me a pencil, please. 14. What a pity! I can’t come to the party tonight.
Часто, даже упоминая предмет впервые, мы тем не менее употребляем перед ним определенный артикль:

а) если упоминаемый предмет является единственным в мире

E.g. The sun is shining brightly. — Солнце светит ярко

б) если этот предмет является определенным по ситуации

E.g. Put the book on the table. — Положи книгу на стол.

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Упражнение 6. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

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Упражнение 7. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is . good . book. Take . book from . table. Put this . book into . bookcase. 2. . weather is fine today. . sky is blue. . sun is shining brightly in . blue . sky. 3. This is . boy. . boy is at . school. He is . pupil. This . boy is my . brother’s . friend. He has . cat, but he has no . dog. He likes his . cat. He gives . cat . milk every day. 4. Yesterday I received . letter from my . friend. . letter was interesting. 5. We live in. big house. I like . house very much. 6. Are you . worker? — No, I am . student. 7. I like your . beautiful . flower. Give me . flower, please. 8. My . mother is at . home. She is reading . interesting . book. 9. My . father is not at . home. He is at . work. He is . doctor. He is . good . doctor. He works at . hospital. . hospital is large. 1. This is a good book. Take the book from the table. Put this book into the bookcase. 2. The weather is fine today. The sky is blue. The sun is shining brightly in the blue sky. 3. This is a boy. The boy is at school. He is a pupil. This boy is my brother’s friend. He has a cat, but he has no dog. He likes his cat. He gives the cat milk every day. 4. Yesterday I received a letter from my friend. The letter was interesting. 5. We live in a big house. I like the house very much. 6. Are you a worker? — No, I am a student. 7. I like your beautiful flower. Give me the flower, please. 8. My mother is at home. She is reading an interesting book. 9. My father is not at home. He is at work. He is a doctor. He is a good doctor. He works at a hospital. The hospital is large.
Кроме того существует огромное количество так называемых «застывших словосочетаний,» в которых артикль употребляется или отсутствует традиционно. Эти словосочетания приходится заучивать наизусть.

Запомните следующие конструкции.

There is a ____.

Where is the ____ ?

The (book) is on the (table).

Ho: The (book) is on a little (table)

Существительное, стоящее в скобках, может быть любым. Прилагательное также может быть любым. Вместо предлога «on » может быть любой другой предлог иди заменяющее его словосочетание, напр., «in front of «.

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Упражнение 8. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There is . big tree in . garden. 2. There is . bank near here. — Where is . bank? 3. There is . new supermarket in . centre of our . town. 4. There is . hotel over there. . hotel isn’t cheap. 5. Where is . cat? — . cat is on . sofa. 6. Where is . book? — . book is on . shelf. 7. Where are . flowers? — . flowers are in . beautiful vase. 8. Where is . vase? — . vase is on . little table near . window. 9. Open . window, please. . weather is fine today. I can see . sun in . sky. I can see . nice little bird. . bird is sitting in . big tree. . tree is green. 10. There is . little white cloud in . sky. 11. We have . large room. There is . big sofa in . room and . little lamp on . wall over . sofa. I like to sit on . sofa and read . good book. 1. There is a big tree in the garden. 2. There is a bank near here. — Where is the bank? 3. There is a new supermarket in the centre of our town. 4. There is a hotel over there. The hotel isn’t cheap. 5. Where is the cat? — The cat is on the sofa. 6. Where is the book? — The book is on the shelf. 7. Where are the flowers? — The flowers are in a beautiful vase. 8. Where is the vase? — The vase is on a little table near the window. 9. Open the window, please. The weather is fine today. I can see the sun in the sky. I can see a nice little bird. The bird is sitting in a big tree. The tree is green. 10. There is a little white cloud in the sky. 11. We have a large room. There is a big sofa in the room and a little lamp on the wall over the sofa. I like to sit on the sofa and read a good book.
Запомните следующее застывшее словосочетание:

in front of — перед

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Упражнение 9. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There is . wonderful small computer in . front of . books there. 2. Where is . soup? — . soup is in . big saucepan on . gas cooker. 3. Where are . cutlets? — . cutlets are in . refrigerator on . little plate. 4. There is no . bread on . table. Where is . bread? 5. There is . little brown coffee table in our . room in . front of . sofa. 6. Where is . table in your . room? 7. There is . thick carpet on . floor in my mother’s . room. 8. Is your brother at . home? — No, he is at . work. He works at. big factory. He is . engineer. 9. My sister has many . books. . books are in . big bookcase. 10. . weather is fine today. Let’s go and play in . yard. There are many . children in . yard. They are playing with . ball.

1. There is a wonderful small computer in front of the books there. 2. Where is the soup? — The soup is in a big saucepan on the gas cooker. 3. Whete are the cutlets? — The cutlets are in the refrigerator on a little plate. 4. There is no bread on the table. Where is the bread? 5. There is a little brown coffee table in our room in front of the sofa. 6. Where is the table in your room? 7. There is a thick carpet on the floor in my mother’s room. 8. Is your brother at home? — No, he is at work. He works at a big factory. He is an engineer. 9. My sister has many books. The books are in a big bookcase. 10. The weather is fine today. Let’s go and play in the yard. There are many children in the yard. They are playing with a ball.
Запомните следующие конструкции, требующие неопределенного артикля:
I have a ____ . У меня есть ____ . This is a ____ . Это ____ . I am а ____ . Я ____ . Не has а ____ . У него есть ____ . That is а ____ . То ____ . Не is а ____ . Он ____ . I see а ____ . Я вижу ____ . It is а ____ . Это ____ . She is а ____ . Она ____ . There is а ____ . Где-то находится (есть) что-то.
Вместо ____ нужно поставить существительное в единственном числе.

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Упражнение 10. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I see . bottle of . pineapple . juice on . kitchen table. 2. Her . son has . great . sense of . humor. 3. There was . discotheque at . club last Saturday but he didn’t go. 4. Is there . bus stop near . building? 5. We have . big dog. . dog is very clever. 6. My friend has . very good computer. 7. This . boy is big. He is . student. 8. There is . very big piano in . hall. 9. This is . tree and that is not . tree. It’s . bush. 10. I am . boy. I am . pupil. I learn at . school. 11. My sister is at. work. She is . secretary. She works at . large office. 12. This is . very difficult question. I don’t know . answer to it. 13. Do you see . little girl with . big ball in her . hands? She is . pupil of our . school. 14. There was . beautiful flower in this . vase yesterday. Where is . flower now? 15. Last year we were in Geneva. It is . exciting city to visit, but . very expensive place to live.

1. I see a bottle of pineapple juice on the kitchen table. 2. Her son has a great sense of humor. 3. There was a discotheque at the club last Saturday but he didn’t go. 4. Is there a bus stop near the building? 5. We have a big dog. The dog is very clever. 6. My friend has a very good computer. 7. This boy is big. He is a student. 8. There is a very big piano in the hall. 9. This is a tree and that is not a tree. It’s a bush. 10. I am a boy. I am a pupil. I learn at school. 11. My sister is at work. She is a secretary. She works at a large office. 12. This is a very difficult question. I don’t know the answer to it. 13. Do you see a little girl with a big ball in her hands? She is a pupil of our school. 14. There was a beautiful flower in this vase yesterday. Where is the flower now? 15. Last year we were in Geneva. It is an exciting city to visit, but a very expensive place to live.
Запомните следующие застывшие словосочетания:

in the middle — посередине

in the corner — в углу

to the right — направо

to the left — налево

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Упражнение 11. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

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Упражнение 12. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

My aunt’s flat is in . new house. There is . living room, . bedroom, . study, . bathroom and . kitchen in . flat. . bedroom is . large room with . two windows. . room is light as . windows are large. There are . white curtains on . windows. There are . two beds with . large pillows on them. There are . small tables near . beds. There are . lamps on them. To . left of . door there is . dressing table with . mirror on it. There is . low chair at . dressing table. There are . several pictures on . pale green walls. There is . thick carpet on . floor. . carpet is dark green. . room is very cosy.

My aunt’s flat is in a new house. There is a living room, a bedroom, a study, a bathroom and a kitchen in the flat. The bedroom is a large room with two windows. The room is light as the windows are large. There are white curtains on the windows. There are two beds with large pillows on them. There are small tables near the beds. There are lamps on them. To the left of the door there is a dressing table with a mirror on it. There is a low chair at the dressing table. There are several pictures on the pale green walls. There is a thick carpet on the floor. The carpet is dark green. The room is very cosy.
Если после конструкции there is (there are) стоит неисчисляемое существительное или существительное во множественном числе, вместо опущенного неопределенного артикля часто (не обязательно) употребляется слово » some.»

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Артикль Запомните следующие правила

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АРТИКЛЬ

Запомните следующие правила.

Перед каждым нарицательным существитель­ным должен стоять артикль.

Если вы не употребляете перед существитель­ным артикль, вы должны уметь объяснить, по­чему.

Артикль не употребляется, если перед существи­тельным стоит притяжательное или указатель­ное местоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном падеже, количественное числи­тельное или отрицание «по» (не «not»).

Упр. 1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

This is. book. It is my. book. 2. Is this your. pencil? — No, it isn’t my. pencil, it is ray sister’s. pencil. 3. I have. sister. My. sister is. engineer. My sister’s. husband is. doctor. 4. I have no. handbag. 5. Is this. watch? — No, it isn’t. watch, it’s. pen. 6. This. pen is good, and that. pen is bad. 7. I can see. pencil on your. table, but I can see no. paper. 8. Give me. chair, please. 9. They have. dog and two. cats. 10. I have. spoon in my. plate, but I have no. soup in it.

Упоминая предмет впервые, мы употребляем пе­ред ним неопределенный артикль а(аn

). Упоми­ная этот же предмет вторично, мы ставим пе­ред ним определенный артикль the.

E. g. This is a book. The book is interesting.

Упр. 2. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is. tree. . tree is green. 2. I can see three. boys. . boys are playing. 3. I have. bicycle. . bicycle is black. My. friend has no. bicycle. 4. Our. room is large. 5. We wrote. dictation yesterday. . dictation was long. 6. She has two. daughters and one. son. Her. son is. pupil. 7. My. brother’s. friend has no. dog. 8. This. pencil is broken. Give me that. pencil, please. 9. She has. ball. . ball is. big. 10. I got. letter from my. friend yesterday. . letter was interesting.

Неопределенный артикль a (an) может употреб­ляться только с исчисляемыми существитель­ными, стоящими в единственном числе. Перед неисчисляемыми существительными или суще­ствительными во множественном числе неопре­деленный артикль опускается. Определенный артикль the употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существительными, как с единственным, так и с множественным числом.

E. g. This is a book. The book is interesting.

исчисляемое в единственном числе

This is S meat. The meat is fresh.

These are S books. The books are good.

Упр. 3. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is. pen. . pen is red. 2. These are pencils. . pencils are black. 3. This is. soup. . soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat. sandwich and drink. tea. 5. She gave me. coffee and. cake. . coffee was hot. . cake was tasty. 6. Do you like. ice-cream? 7. I see. book in your. hand. Is. book interesting? 8. She bought. meat, . butter and. potatoes yesterday. She also bought. cake. . cake was very. tasty. We ate. cake with. tea. 9. This is my. table. On. table I have. book, two. pencils, . pen and. paper. 10. This is. bag. . bag is brown. It is my sis­ter’s. bag. And this is my. bag. It is. yellow.

Запомните следующие словосочетания, в кото­рых артикль не употребляется:

at S school at S home at S work

Упр. 4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I have two. sisters. My. sisters are. students. 2. We are at. home. 3. My. brother is not at. home, he is at. school. 4. My. mother is at. work. She is. doctor. 5. I am not. doctor. 6. I have no’. sister. 7. He is not. pilot. 8. I have thirty-two. teeth. 9. He has. child. 10. She has two. children. Her children are at. school. 11. Is your father at. home? — No, he is at. work. 12. Where is your. broth­er? — He is at. home.

Если перед существительным употребляется прилагательное, оно стоит между артиклем и су­ществительным.

E. g. This is a book. This is a good book.

Упр 5. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. We have. large. family. 2. My granny often tells us. long. interesting.. stories. 3. My. father is. engineer. He works at. factory. . factory is large. 4. My. mother is. doctor. She works at. large. hospital. She is at. work now. 5. My. aunt is. teacher. She works at. school. . school is good. My. aunt is not at. school now. She is at. home. She is drinking. tea and eating. jam. . jam is sweet. I am at. home, too. I am drinking. tea and eating. sandwich. . sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at. school. She is. pupil. 7. My cousin has. big. black. cat. My cousin’s. cat has two. kittens. . milk, too. cat likes. milk. . kittens like

Упр. 6. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I am. engineer. 2. My. son is. pupil. 3. He is. good. pupil. 4. This is. house. 5. This is my. pencil. 6. You have some. pen­cils, but I have no. pencil. Give me. pencil, please. 7. I like your. beautiful. flower. Give me. flower, please. 8. My. mother is at. home. She is reading. interesting. book. 9. My. father is not at. home. He is at. work. He is. doctor. He is. good. doctor. He works at. hospital. . hospital is large.

Часто, даже упоминая предмет впервые, мы тем j не менее употребляем перед ним определенный артикль:

а) если упоминаемый предмет является един­ственным в мире

E. g. The sun is shining brightly.

в) если этот предмет является определенным по ситуации

E. g. Put the book on the table.

Упр. 7. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. What’s. weather like today? — . weather is fine. 2. n is yellow. 3. . sky is grey today. 4. . earth is. planet. 5. We had. English lesson yesterday. . teacher asked me many. questions. . questions were difficult.

4. Where is your. brother? — He is at. home. He is in his. room. He is sitting at. table. He is doing his. homework. . homework is difficult. 5. Our. cat is sitting on. sofa. 6. It is very dark in. room. Turn on. light, please. 7. Nick went into. bathroom, turned on. water and washed his. hands.

Упр. 8. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is. good. book. Take. book from. table. Put this. book into. bookcase. 2. . weath­er is fine today. . sky is blue. n is shining brightly in. blue. sky. 3. This is. boy. . boy is at. school. He is. pupil. This. boy is my. brother’s. friend. He has. cat, but he has no. dog. He likes his. cat. He gives. cat. milk every day. 4. Yesterday I received. letter from my. friend. . letter was interesting. 5. We live in. big house. I like. house very much. 6. Are you. worker? — No, I am. student.

Кроме того существует огромное количество так называемых «застывших словосочетаний,» в ко­торых артикль употребляется или отсутствует традиционно. Эти словосочетания приходится заучивать наизусть.

Запомните следующие конструкции.

There is a. Where is the. ?

Запомните также следующие предложения:

The (book) is on the (table). Ho: The (book) is on a little (table)1

Упр. 9. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Where is. cat? —.. cat is on. sofa. 2. Where is. book? — .. book is on. shelf. 3. Where are. flowers? — . flowers are in. beautiful vase. 4. Where is.. vase? — . vase is on. little table near. window. 5. Open. win­dow, please. . weather is fine today. I can n in. sky. I can see. nice little bird. . bird is sitting in. big tree. . tree is green. 6. There is. little white cloud in. sky. 7. We have. large room. There is. big sofa in. room and. little lamp on. wall over. sofa. I like to sit on. sofa and read. good book.

1 Существительное, стоящее в скобках, может быть любым. Прилагательное также может быть любым. Вместо предлога «on» может быть любой другой предлог иди заменяющее его слово­сочетание, напр, «in front of».

Запомните следующее застывшее словосочета­ние:

Упр. 10. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Where is. soup? — . soup is in. big saucepan on. gas-cooker. 2. Where are. cut­lets? — . cutlets are in. refrigerator on. lit­tle plate. 3. There is no. bread on. table. Where is. bread? 4. There is. little brown coffee-table in our. room in. front of. sofa. 5. Where is. table in your. room? 6. There is. thick carpet on. floor in my mother’s. room. 7. Is your brother at. home? — No, he is at. work. He works at. big factory. He is. engineer. 8. My sister has many. books. . books are in. big bookcase. 9. . weather is fine today. Let’s go and play in. yard. There are many. children in. yard. They are playing with. ball.

Запомните следующие конструкции, требующие неопределенного артикля:

I have a. This is a. I am а. Не has а. That is а. Не is а. I see а. It is а. She is а.

Упр. 81. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.

1. This is a star. 2. This is a boy. 3. This is a baby. 4. That is a plate. 5. That is a flower, j 6. That is a bookshelf. 7. Is this a sofa? 8. Is this a bookcase? 9. Is this a man? 10. Is that a ball? 11. Is that a train? 12. Is that a plane? 13. Is the window open? 14. Is the door closed? 15. Is the boy near the window? 16. That is not a king, 17. That is not a queen. 18. That is not a bus. 19. This isn’t a mountain. 20. That isn’t a goose. 21. This isn’t a mouse. 22. It is a sheep. 23. It is a cigarette. 24. It is a cat. 25. It is not a girl. 26. It isn’t a bag. 27. It isn’t a tree. 28. It is not a bad egg. 29. It is a good egg. 30. Is that a flower?

Упр. 82. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.

1. This man is an engineer. 2, That woman is my sister. 3. This child is my son, 4. That goose is big. 5. This mouse is white. 6. This man is a doc­tor. 7. That woman is my cousin. She is a teacher 8. That girl is my niece. She is a pupil. 9. This girl has a blue sweater. 10. This boy has a good coat. 11. My uncle has a large flat. 12. There is a table in the room. 13. I have a good pen. My pen is in my pocket. 14. There is a flower in the vase. 15. This child’s foot is sore.

Упр. 83. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.

1. This room is very large. 2. There is a match in the box. 3. Has this lady a knife? 4. There is a man and a woman in the street. 5. This lady is that gen­tleman’s wife. 6. This shoe is too large for my foot. 7. The child is sitting on a bench. 8. My tooth is white. 9. This key is made of steel. 10. A potato is a vegetable and a cherry is a fruit. 11. This. is my friend’s study.

Упр. 84. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.

1. What is that child’s name? 2, The cat has caught a mouse. 3. There was a lady, a gentleman, a boy and a girl in the room. 4. In the farm-yard we could see an ox, a sheep, a cow and a goose. 5. Is this worker an Englishman or a German? — He is a Frenchman. 6. Why don’t you eat this po­tato? 7. This strawberry is still green. 8. The with­ered leaf has fallen to the ground. 9. Can you see a bird in that tree? 10. Does your tooth still ache? 11.1 held up my foot to the fire to warm it. 12. His child studies very well. 13. This man works at our office. 14. There is a new house in our street. 15. This story is very interesting. 16. I have hurt my foot. 17. The wolf has been shot. 18. He keeps his toy in a box. 19. Put this knife on that table.

Упр. 85. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.

1. This is my stocking. 2. He has a new suit. 3. This metal is very hard. 4. That ship is a Rus­sian one. 5. I heard her voice. 6. His dog does not like bread. 7. The plate was on the table. 8. This town is very large. 9. I was talking to her at the tram stop yesterday. 10. Is that girl your sister? 11. I shall give you my book. 12. This story will be a good one. 13. Is this a good match? 14. The boy put his book on the desk. 15. She took off her hat.

16. That house is new. 17. The young man put his hand in his pocket. 18. Is this student coming with us, too? 19. The woman didn’t say anything. 20. Does she speak English?

Упр. 86. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественное число.

1. This is a bird. 2. Is that also a bird? — No, it isn’t. That is a cat. 3. Is that a good horse? — Yes, it is. 4. Is that cow big or small? — It is big. 5. This is an apple and that is a flower. 6. Where is the coin? It is in the box. 7. What colour is the box? — It is green. 8. What is it made of? — It is made of wood. 9. What is that man? — — He is a clerk. 10. Is he in the office? — — Yes, he is. 11. Is that woman a typist? — No, she isn’t. — — What is she? — She is a doctor. 12. Is his brother at home? — Yes, he is. 13. This house has a balcony looking out on the street. 14. The architecture of this build­ing is quite modern. 15. This is a new district of St. Petersburg. 16. There is a shop, a cinema and a theatre in the new district. 17. He is a retired worker. 18.1 am a doctor. 19. We hear the sounds of a child’s voice. 20. She is a nice girl.

Притяжательный падеж существительных

The child’s toys — The children’s toys The boy’s books — The boys’ books

Упр. 87. Перефразируйте следующие слово­сочетания и предложения, употребляя притя­жательный падеж.

1. The room of my friend. 2. The questions of my son. 3. The wife of my brother. 4. The table of our teacher. 5. The poems of Pushkin. 6. The voice of this girl. 7. The new club of the workers. 8. The letter of Pete. 9. The car of my parents. 10. The life of this woman. 11. The handbags of these wom­en. 12. The flat of my sister is large. 13. The chil­dren of my brother are at home. 14. The room of the boys is large. 15. The name of this girl is Jane. 16. The work of these students is interesting.

Упр. 88. Переведите на английский язык, упот­ребляя притяжательный падеж.

1. Он показал мне письмо своей сестры. 2. Она взяла коньки своего брата. 3. Дайте мне тетради ваших учеников. 4. Принесите вещи детей 5. Вчера дети нашли птичье гнездо. 6. Это семья моего друга. Отец моего друга инженер. Мать моего друга преподаватель. 7. Чья это сумка? — Это сумка Тома. 8. Чьи это словари? — — Это сло­вари студентов. 9. Вы видели книгу нашего учи­теля? 10. Мне нравится почерк этого мальчика. 11. Я слышу голос моей сестры. 12. Она откры­ла окно и услышала смех и крики детей. 13. Она поставила мокрые сапоги мальчиков к печке. 14. Это бабушкино кресло.

SOME, ANY, NO, EVERY

И ИХ ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ

Some обозначает некоторое количество.

We have got some dictionaries.

We have got no dictionaries.

We haven’t got any dictionaries.

Have you got any dictionaries?

Упр. 89. Вставьте some, any или по.

1. There are. pictures in the book. 2. Are there. new students in your group? 3. There are. old houses in our street. 4. Are there. English text­books on the desks? — — Yes, there are. . 5. Are there. maps on the walls? —No, there aren’t. . 6. Are there. pens on the desk? — — Yes, there are. 8. Are there. sweets in your bag? — — Yes, there are. . 9. Have you got. English books at home? — Yes, I have. . 10. There are. beauti­ful pictures in the magazine. Look at them. 11. There is. ink in my pen: I cannot write.

Упр„ 92, Вставьте something, anything, nothing или everything,

1. . is all right, the patient is much better today! 2. Is there. interesting in the program of the concert? 3. I could see. : it was quite dark. 4. Give me. to drink. 5. I didn’t take any money with me so I couldn’t buy. . 6. My new eyeglasses are very good, I can see. now. 7.1 saw. near the wood that looked like a tent.

Упр. 93. Вставьте something, anything, nothing или everything.

1. Give me. to read, please. — — With pleasure, 2. I don’t know. about your town. Tell me. about it. 3. Please give me. warm: it is cold here. 4. I understand. now. Thank you for your explanation. 5. There is. white in the box. ‘What is it? 6. Is there. that you want to tell me? 7. Where is the book? — It is on the table. — No, there is. . there.

somebody — кто-нибудь, кто-то

Не asked somebody to help him.

He asked nobody to help him. He did not ask any­body to help him.

Did he ask anybody to help him?

Упр. 94. Вставьте somebody, anybody, nobody или everybody.

1. Has. in this group got a dictionary? 2. . left a magazine in our classroom yesterday. 3. The question was so difficult that. could answer it. 4. I am afraid I shan’t be able to find. in the office now: it is too late. 5. . knows that water is necessary for life. 6. Is there. here who knows French? 7. You must find. who can help you. 8. . knew anything about America before Colum­bus discovered it. 9. I saw. in the train yesterday who looked like you. 10. There is. in the next room. I don’t know him. 11. Please tell us the sto­ry. . knows it. 12. Is there. in my group who lives in the dormitory? 13. Has. here got a red pencil? 14. . can answer this question. It is very easy.

Упр. 95. Заполните пропуски, вставив одно из слов, данных в скобках.

1. We haven’t. black stockings (no, any). 2 They have. red boots, Kate (any, no). 3. I don’t want. today, thank you (nothing, anything). 4. «I haven’t got. clean exercise-books, Mother,» said the boy (any, no). 5. «We shall not buy. in this shop, children,» said the mother (nothing, anything). 6. Didn’t you buy. potatoes yesterday (any, no)?

17.1 didn’t see. in the street when I went out (anybody, nobody). 8. We did not play. games in the yard because it was raining all day long (no, any). 9. There is. at home (anybody, nobody). 10. How much did you pay for these boots? — I didn’t pay. (nothing, anything). They are a present from my grandmother. 11. Have you lost. (anything, nothing)? — — No, nobody here has lost.. (nothing, anything).

Упр. 96. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму.

1. They have done something. 2. He has given them some money. 3. You have brought something for us. 4. I have taken some English books from you. 5. She was reading something. 6. He has writ­ten a letter to somebody. 7. Somebody by the name of Petrov lives on the third floor. 8. They have some English books. 9. There are some tall trees in front of their house. 10. Peter has something in his box. 11. There are some parks in this town, 12. There are some good book shops in our dis­trict.

Упр. 97. Переведите на английский язык.

В столовой есть кто-нибудь? 2. В саду ни­кого нет. 3. В нашей комнате есть кто-нибудь? 4. Там есть кто-то. 5. Там никого нет. 6. В биб­лиотеке есть кто-нибудь? 7. За занавеской есть что-нибудь? — — Нет, там ничего нет. 8. В сумке что-то есть. 9. В доме есть кто-нибудь? — — Да, там есть кто-то. 10. Под столом есть что-нибудь? — Да, там что-то есть. 11. Там ничего нет. 12. В кабинете врача есть кто-нибудь? — Нет, там никого нет. 13. В нашей библиотеке есть кое-какие книги на английском языке. 14. В вашей библиотеке есть какие-нибудь книги Джека Лондона? 15. Мой дядя хочет мне что-то сказать. 16. На другой день мой брат знал всех. 17. Если вы захотите что-нибудь поесть, идите в вагон-ресторан. 18. Расскажите нам всё о ва­шем путешествии.

Упр. 119. Переведите следующие предлоя ния на английский язык.

1. а. Я знаю интересную историю. б. Он знает более интересную историю. в. Она знает самую интересную историю. 2. а. Это длинный путь. б. Это более длинный путь. в. Это самый длинный путь. 3. а. Ее работа очень важна. б. Его работа важнее. в. Моя работа самая важная. 4. а. Это плохая песня. б. Это еще более плохая песня. в. Это самая плохая песня. а. Он хороший инженер. б. Он более хороший инженер. в. Он самый лучший инженер. а. Он принес ей красивый цветок. б. Он принес ей более красивый цветок. в. Он принес ей самый красивый цветок. 7, а. Он рассказал нам о счастливом человек б. Он рассказал нам о более счастливом че веке. в. Он рассказал нам о самом счастливом чел| веке. 8. Это были самые счастливые дни в ее жи ни. 9. Это очень легкая задача. Дайте мне боле трудную задачу. 10. Летом дни длинные, а ноч короткие. 11. 22 июня — самый длинный деш 12. В июле дни короче. 13. В декабре дни сами короткие. 14. «Четверка» — хорошая отметка но «пятерка» лучше. 15. «Пятерка» — самая луч шая отметка. 16. Самая плохая отметка — «дво ка». 17. Твое платье, конечно, очень красивое но мое платье красивее. 18. Мой папа — — вью кий мужчина. 19. Это более теплое пальто.

Упр. 120. Раскройте скобки, употребляя тре­бующуюся форму прилагательного.

1. Which is (large): the United States or Cana­da? 2. What is the name of the (big) port in the United States? 3. Moscow is the (large) city in Russia. 4. The London underground is the (old) in the world. 5. There is a (great) number of cars and buses in the streets of Moscow than in any other city of Russia. 6. St. Petersburg is one of the (beau­tiful) cities in the world. 7. The rivers in America are much (big) than those in England. 8. The is­land of Great Britain is (small) than Greenland. 9. What is the name of the (high) mountain in Asia? 10. The English Channel is (wide) than the straits of Gibraltar. 11. Russia is a very (large) country.

as. as — такой же. как not so.„. as — не такой. как

Упр. 121. Вставьте as. as или so. as.

1. Mike is. tall. Pete. 2. Kate is not. nice. Ann. 3. My room is. light. this one. 4. This book is not. thin. that one. 5. Sergei is. old. Michael. 6. She is. young. Tom’s brother. 7. This woman is. good. that one. 8. Nick’s English is not. good. his friend’s. 9.1 am not. tall. Pete. 10. This woman is. young. that one. 12. I am. thin. you. 13. Kate is. lazy. her’brother. 14. This child is not. . small. . that one.

Упр. 122. Переведите следующие предложе­ния на английский язык.

1. Этот дом такой же высокий, как тот. 2. Сегодня вода в реке не такая теплая, как вче­ра. 3. Ты не такой умный, как папа. 4. Индия не такая большая, как Китай. 5. Темза такая же красивая, как Нева. 6. Его бабушка не та­кая старая, как дедушка. 7 Яблоки такие же вкусные, как сливы, но не такие вкусные, как груши. 8. Русский музей такой же богатый, как Эрмитаж? 9. Державин не такой знаменитый, как Пушкин. 10. Днепр не такой длинный, как Волга. 11. В прошлом году август был такой же жаркий, как июль.

Не забывайте употреблять союз than при срав­нительной степени прилагательного

Tom is taller than Kate.

Упр. 143. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Он придет через час. 2. Подождите пожа­луйста, я вернусь через несколько минут. 3. Мы окончим школу через несколько лет. 4. Через два или три года все изменится. 5. В прошлое воскресенье мы встали на рассвете и к семи ча­сам были готовы идти. В десять минут восьмого мы отправились. Мы пошли на автобусную оста­новку. На остановке было мало народу: в вос­кресенье люди не любят вставать на рассвете. Автобус подошел к остановке через десять ми­нут. Мы поехали на вокзал. Через полчаса мы были на вокзале. На платформе мы встретили своих друзей. Через час мы были уже за горо­дом. Мы пошли в лес. Было жарко, но когда мы вошли в лес, стало прохладно. Мы провели за городом весь день и вернулись в город на закате. 6. Я не был в Эстонии с 1997 года. Будущим летом я поеду туда. Я проведу там все лето и вернусь в Санкт-Петербург к первому сентября.

Предлоги, передающие падежные отношения

Обратите внимание на соответствие некоторых предложных оборотов русским падежным фор­мам:

the leg of the table — — ножка стола

explain to me — объясните мне

Упр. 144. Вставьте предлоги to или of.

1. Не bought a book. English poems and gave it. his sister. 2. I wrote. him asking to send me a box. chocolates. 3. The roof. the house is very old. 4. There is a monument. Pushkin in the Square. Arts. 5. One wheel. my car must be changed. 6. He was standing outside the door. his house and explaining. the mechanic what was wrong with his car. 7. He gave her a big bunch. flowers. 8. I sent a letter. my friend. 9. The streets. St. Petersburg are straight. 10. Many pages. this book are torn. 11. The young scien­tist was trying to prove. the professor the neces­sity. the experiment. 12. London is the capital. Great Britain. 13. The embankments. the Neva are faced with granite. 14. It is clear. me that you don’t know your lesson. 15. He was devoted. his friend. 16. I explained. the teacher that by the end. the lesson I had not finished the trans­lation. the text and that’s why I had not handed it. him. The surprise. the teacher was great. My explanation seemed strange. the teacher.

Сочетания существительных с предлогами with и by соответствуют русскому творительному па­дежу.

Не путайте употребление этих предлогов:

with обозначает орудие (чем произведено дей­ствие)

by обозначает деятеля (кто совершил дей­ствие)

with a knife — ножом by my brother — братом

Упр. 145. Вставьте предлоги with или by.

1. The boy cut his finger. a knife. 2. The boat was carried. the waves into the open sea. 3. The teacher was pleased. our work. 4. America was discovered. Columbus. 5. «Hamlet» was written

Shakeреаге. 6. We eat soup. a spoon. 7. He was killed. a knife. 8. He was killed. the rob­bers. 9. He was knocked down. a big stick. 10. He was knocked down. a car. 11. He was taken to hospital. an ambulance. 12. He was treat­ed. very effective drugs. 13. He was cured. a very skilful doctor. 14. He wrote his letter. a pencil. 15. He was scolded. his mother.

Запомните употребление предлогов со следую­щими глаголами и выражениями:

They listened to me — Они слушали меня They looked at me — Они смотрели на меня They waited for me — Они ждали меня They spoke to me — Они говорили со мной They laughed at me — Они смеялись надо

мной They complained of me — Они жаловались

на меня They were afraid of me — — Они боялись меня

They answered s_ my question — — Они

ответили на мой вопрос

They entered S_ the room — Они вошли в

They turned S_ the corner — Они повернули

Упр. 146. Вставьте предлоги, где необходимо.

1. My mother is afraid. rats. 2. «What do you complain. » asked the doctor. 3. Don’t enter. the room. 4. What are you laughing. ? 5. They did not want to listen. me. 6. Wait. me. I’ll be back. a few minutes. 7. Yesterday the teacher spoke. us about the architecture. St. Peters­burg. 8. My grandmother often complains. head­ache. 9. I am sorry, Г cannot speak. you now, the professor is waiting. me. I must go. the insti­tute and explain. him some details. our e. the evening, I shall listen. you very attentively and answer. all your questions. 10. . nine o’clock the lecturer entered. the hall, walked up. the table, put his bag. it, looked. everybody and began his lecture. The lecture, as all the lectures. this professor, was very inter­esting, and the students listened. him with great attention. 11. Turn. the corner. the house and look. the flowers grown. my mother: aren’t they beautiful? 12. He was an excellent pupil, and the teachers never complained. him. 13. She com­plained. feeling bad and could not answer. the questions. the teacher. 14. We tried to speak. him, but he did not want to listen. us. He did not even look. us and did not answer. our questions. 15. Your brother complains. you. He says you always laugh. him, never speak. him and never answer. his questions. 16. When I entered. the room, everybody looked. me with surprise: they had not waited. me. 17. At the end. the street she turned. the corner, walked. the bus-stop and began waiting. the bus.

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Отсутствие артикля (нулевой артикль)

Отсутствие артикля перед существительным может быть таким же значимым, как и его наличие. В таком случае его могут называть нулевым артиклем (zero article).

Артикль не нужно использовать в следующих случаях:

• Там, где должен стоять неопределенный артикль, но это невозможно из-за множественного числа существительного:

• С именами собственными, которые по своему значению являются уникальными и поэтому не нуждаются в уточнении:

• Если к существительному относятся другие определители (притяжательные, указательные, вопросительные и неопределенные местоимения, существительные в притяжательном падеже):

• С неисчисляемыми абстрактными существительными:

• С неисчисляемыми существительными, обозначающими вещество:

• С некоторыми географическими названиями:

• Когда идет речь о двух тесно связанных предметах:

• Вместе с указанием на единственный в данной ситуации пост или должность:

• Вместе с титулами, обращениями и званиями, если за ними следует фамилия:

• Если значение существительного выражает скорее качество, а не предмет:

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Отсутствие артикля в устойчивых выражениях

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Опущение артиклей в английском языке

В некоторых случаях артикль в английском языке бывает опущен, хотя в предложении предполагается его наличие. Это встречается в тех случаях, когда необходимо максимально сократить текст:

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