Упражнение 7. Найдите русские эквиваленты для словосочетаний.
the physics discoveries, discoveries that led to, the scientific advantage, advantage could well come to nation, to bring the mankind to, mercury wire, unexpected phenomenon, to return to normal state, by passing electric current, by applying magnetic field, to make a great contribution, they introduced a model, a model proved to be useful, a theory won for them the Nobel Prize, research in superconductivity, research became especially active, the achieved record of 23 K.
исследования особенно активизировались; исследования в области сверхпроводимости; теория, за которую они получили Нобелевскую премию; привести человечество к . ; преимущество в науке; открытия в области физики; достигнутая рекордная отметка в 23 К; открытия, которые привели к. ; преимущество могла бы получить нация (страна); ртутная проволока; вернуться в обычное состояние; пропуская электрический ток; внести большой вклад; неожиданное явление; они предложили (ввели) модель; прикладывая магнитное поле; модель оказалась эффективной.
Решение:
the physics discoveries — открытия в области физики; discoveries that led to — открытия, которые привели к. ; the scientific advantage — преимущество в науке; advantage could well come to nation — преимущество могла бы получить нация (страна); to bring the mankind to — привести человечество к . ; mercury wire — ртутная проволока; unexpected phenomenon — неожиданное явление; to return to normal state — вернуться в обычное состояние; by passing electric current — пропуская электрический ток; by applying magnetic field — прикладывая магнитное поле; to make a great contribution — внести большой вклад; they introduced a model — они предложили (ввели) модель; a model proved to be useful — модель оказалась эффективной; a theory won for them the Nobel Prize — теория, за которую они получили Нобелевскую премию; research in superconductivity — исследования в области сверхпроводимости; research became especially active — исследования особенно активизировались; the achieved record of 23 K — достигнутая рекордная отметка в 23 К.
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LESSON 4
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Ex.1. Complete the examples with the key words from this lesson.
II. Find in the text of the lesson terminological word-combinations consisting of two or more components. Translate them into Ukrainian.
III. Make dialogues using words, word-combinations and expressions from this lesson. Work in pairs.
LESSON 1
Lesson 1
Lesson 1. BREAKING THE ICE
LESSON 10
LESSON 12
Lesson 13. Means of Travelling
Lesson 2. Daily LIFE
Дополнительные придаточные предложения
Суффикс -ible/-able
Текст 4А. Television Текст 4В. Telegraph Текст 4С. Telephone Текст 4D. Talking via Space
Упражнение 1.Повторите времена групп Indefinite (Simple), Continuous, Perfect. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужном времени и форме.
At the time I first (meet) Mr. Alien in 1990, he (consider) the possibility of studying foreign languages again. He (forget) everything that he (learn) about Latin and French at school. The languages that he (want) (learn) at that time (be) Spanish and Portuguese. He (to be going) to study those languages in the Department of General Education at New York University. Therefore, he (enrol) that school in 1991.
After my friend (finish) studying at New York University he ecide) (go) to South America for a year. Because he (be, never) there before, he (enjoy) visiting the famous cities of Brazil and Argentina. He liked Sao Paulo so much that he (consider) staying there much longer. Before that time he (hope, always) to find a place with an ideal climate. Therefore, Sao Paulo (seem) to be a real paradise (рай). However, he (spend) all his money and (to be forced) to return.
Now my friend Mr. Alien (plan) (visit) France next year. He (leave) for Paris on March 15. Mr. Alien (visit) also Germany on the same trip. He realizes that he must (learn) French and German before he (go) to Europe. At present he (take) a course in French in preparation for the trip. He (think) that French (be) quite easy. Of course he (be, never) in France before, so he (have) little opportunity to hear French. He (work) very hard at his French every day. He (study) German at New York University next semester. I am sure that he (have) no language problem in the other countries when he (get) there. Many people in those countries (understand) English or French.
Упражнение 2.Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на правило согласования времен.
1. We knew that his family lived in Orel. 2. He said that the students of that group were studying in the library. 3. She thought that she might finish her work by two o’clock. 4.1 didn’t think he could come there in time. 5. She said that her name was Lena. 6. The students were told that they had three lectures every day. 7. The dean said that he was busy. 8. We found that he had studied mathematics at the University. 9. The newspapers reported that the Trade Union Congress had finished its work. 10. Students were informed that they would have industrial training in the third year. 11. The weather-man reported over the radio that it would be cold the following weekend.
Упражнение 3.Поставьте глаголы в скобках согласно правилу согласования времен.
A. 1. Не says that he (want) to be an engineer. 2. He thinks that he (see) a new device already. 3. He knows that he (lose) his watch yesterday. 4. He says that he (help) with work next week. 5. He said that he (know) him. 6. He understood that the speaker (be) in Lon don recently. 7. He said that he (think) about it later. 8. He asked what they (want) to do. 9. They asked when we (come) to see him. 10. He asked if I (can) stay with them. 11. The teacher wanted to know whether I (be) good at maths. 12. The professor wanted to know whether I (take) part in our conference the week before. 13. My friend wanted to know whether I (go) to the library next Saturday. 14. He asked which book she (read) at that moment.
B. 1. The engineer was told that he (may) test the device in the afternoon. 2. It was known that the head of our laboratory (be) a graduate of Moscow University. 3. They thought that she (graduate)
from a technical institute. 4. Our professor informed us that he (give) the following lecture on quantum mechanics on Monday. 5. At the meeting it was said that our lecturer (work) at a new programme of laboratory work. 6. The teacher told us that the term «engineering» (have) many Russian equivalents. 7. The chief engineer believed that we (work) at that problem for a month the following summer.
Упражнение 4.Переделайте следующие предложения в косвенную речь, поставив глагол в главном предложении в прошедшем времени. Например:
Тот wants to spend the winter in Texas.
They said that Tom wanted to spend the winter in Texas.
He asked if Tom wanted to spend the winter in Texas.
1. Mary wants to take a course in German. 2. Ann does not work at the college. 3. The laboratories have new TV sets. 4. The teacher will give you further instructions. 5. Where are you coming from? 6. The lecture will begin in five minutes. 7. John has learned grammar for two years. 8. Could I speak to Mr. Smith, please? 9. Does Bob go to the library every day?
Упражнение5. Переведите на английский язык.
1. Мой друг сказал, что он много работает. 2. Ученый сообщил, что он написал статью о своей работе. 3. Меня спросили, сделал ли я свою работу. 4. Она хотела знать, будет ли он летом в Москве. 5. Мы спросили преподавателя, сколько новых слов в четвертом уроке. 6. Мы не знали, будет ли у него практика летом. 7. Он сказал, что знает два иностранных языка. 8. Он знал, что ее брат живет в Самаре.
Упражнение 6.Определите, чем выражено дополнение в предложениях, переведите.
1. The students of our group saw a new film yesterday. They said it was very interesting. 2. The dean’s assistant told us to do all our work in time. 3. Our laboratory has been equipped with modern devices. 4. The students were informed at the meeting that they would have their practical training in St. Petersburg. 5. We asked the dean if he was busy. 6. The new student asked when our lectures would begin. 7. He also asked to show him where the chemistry laboratory was. 8. He wanted to know whether we had already had our industrial training. 9. I did not know then if I should see him again. 10. We didn’t know whether it would be possible to use a computer for our work.
Упражнение7. Обратите внимание на перевод предлога by в предложениях.
1. By 3 o’clock I shall be free and go with you to the library. 2. By the end of the second year we shall have finished studying the main engineering subjects. 3. By the beginning of the lecture the laboratory assistant had brought all the necessary diagrams. 4. By the year 2010 cable television will have been used more widely. 5. By the spring of 1945 World War II was over.
Упражнение 8.Найдите русские эквиваленты для словосочетаний.
it is true; compared to; to be of importance; a lot of; to be interested in; like; a step forward; at the right time; direct to; to put into memory.
интересоваться; иметь значение; по сравнению с; ввести в память; шаг вперед; как, подобно; верно (правильно); в нужное время; много; непосредственно на.
Упражнение 8. А.Переведите следующие производные слова согласно образцу:
существительное или глагол + -ible/-able = прилагательное
access — доступ -> accessible — доступный
to rely — доверять -» reliable — надежный,
practice — осуществление (на практике) -> practicable —
осуществимый to use — usable, to consider — considerable, to avail — available;
префикс dis- (имеет отрицательное значение) to appear — появляться -> to disappear — исчезатьto like — to dislike, illusion — disillusion, similar — dissimilar, comfort — discomfort, to connect — to disconnect, connection — disconnection, connected — disconnected, to organize — to disorganize, organized — disorganized, organization — disorganization.
В. Образуйте и переведите производные слова согласно образцу:
tele- (на большом расстоянии) television, telegraph, telegraphy, telemetry phone, text, scope, printer, communication; photo- (имеющий отношение к свету или фотографии)
Упражнение 9.Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова.
television [‘teli,vi3 9n L action [‘эек/эп], territory [‘tenteri], material [ma’tiariel], million [‘miljen], communication [k9,mju:ni’keij9n], central [‘sentral], programme [‘preugraem], transmission [traenz’mijan], telephone [‘telifaun], cable [‘keibl], signal [‘signl], crystal [‘kristl], code [keud], visual [‘vijjuel], video, regular [‘regjula], zones [‘zeunz].
Упражнение 10.Прочитайте и запомните произношение следующих слов:
tiny [‘taini], fair [fee], research [n’saitj»], to spread [spred], instead [in’sted], watch [wotf], provide [pra’vaid], artificial [,a:ti’fij9l], convenient [kan’vr.njent], nowadays [‘nauadeiz], wire [‘waia], launching [‘lo:ntfiqJ, to break [breik], to produce [pra’djir.s], production [pre’dAkJan], to weigh [wei], clear [klia], major [‘meidsa], available [a’veilabl], satellite [‘saetalait], size [saiz], tape [teip], liquid [likwid], magazine ^maege’ziin].
СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ
appearv — появляться influenceп — влияние artificialа — искусственный meansп — средство comparev — сравнивать nowadaysadv — сейчас, в на- containv — содержать, вмещать стоящее время continuousа — непрерывный occurv — происходить, возни- convenientа — удобный кать directа — прямой, непо- rapidlyadv — быстро средственный researchп — исследование duringргр — в течение, во simultaneouslyadv — одновре- время, в продолжение менно equipmentп — оборудование statev — утверждать essentiallyadv — по сущест- switch onv — включать ву, главным образом timeп — время, times — раз etc (etcetera) —и т. д. transmitv — передавать existv — существовать watchv — наблюдать, смотреть fewа — мало, немного weighv — весить, взвешивать a few— несколько withinргр — в пределах, в, через
a lotof — много;
to be able to— мочь, быть в состоянии
Прочитайте текст и найдите абзацы, содержащие информацию о развитии различных видов телевизионных систем в хронологической последовательности. Переведите.
The television set is evidently the most important and popular electronic product of all time. All homes in developed countries have one or more TV sets and in many countries there are considerably more TV sets than telephones.
But in 1939 at the World’s Fair in New York a tiny nine-by-twelve inch box was the centre of attention for hundreds of people. They were the first to see a television set in action. Compared to today’s TV shows of underwater and outer-space research, those first black-white pictures were not very good. The pictures were only transmitted from one side of the Fair territory to the other. But in 1939 they were of historical importance.
Within a few days the news of television spread throughout the world. A lot of people wanted to have a look 1 at the new invention. Everyone was interested in it. But only few people owned television sets in the next few years. When World War II broke out 2 electronic factories that began the TV production stopped making them and started making war materials instead. When the war was over, TV sets began coming off factory assembly lines. By 1958 there were millions of them.
In a surprisingly short time people watched fewer films and turned from newspapers and magazines to TV. In its short history television has had great influence on people’s life and way of thinking. Rocket-launching, concerts and football and tennis matches can be seen direct as they occur. The boundaries of time and space have disappeared.
At present TV communication is provided with the help of a system of artificial earth satellites so that people living in different parts of the country and all over the world and in different time zones are able to watch the central TV programs at the most convenient hours.
Nowadays many countries also have cable TV, a system using wires for the transmission of television programs (like telephone calls). Cable television first appeared in 1949 as a means of transmitting TV signals to rural and mountain areas far from big cities. Cable television’s next big step forward was made by the mid — 1980s. Scientists announced that many technical problems had
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