10 найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний (7 видео)

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Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты
Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний
4. Найдите в тексте английские экви
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Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты

Интенсивные усилия; увеличить надежность;

увеличить параметры; уменьшить размер и стоимость;

вряд ли кто-нибудь мог прогнозировать; количественные и

качественные изменения; отрасль науки; пленочная технология;

полупроводниковый метод, сокращать элементы

схемы; суть миниатюризации в том, что; создать схемы

с долгим сроком службы; чрезвычайно высокая

скорость реакции; чем меньше, тем быстрее; пользу;

тратить энергию; пользу; уменьшение расстояния между элементами схемы; большая интегральная схема;

микроволновая интегральная схема; волновод; линия

передач; смещать; изображение схем; расширять

The intensive effort of electronics to increase the

reliability and performance of its products while reducing

their size and cost led to the results that hardly anyone

could predict. The evolution of electronic technology js

sometimes called a revolution: a quantitative change in

technology gave rise to qualitative change in human

capabilities. There appeared a new branch of science —

Microelectronics embraces electronics connected with

the realization of electronic circuits, systems and

subsystems from very small electronic devices.

Microelectronics is a name for extremely small

electronic components and circuit assemblies, made by

film or semiconductor techniques. A microelectronic

technology reduced transistors and other circuit elements

to dimensions almost invisible to unaided eye.The point

of this extraordinary miniaturization is to make circuits

long — lasting, low in cost, and capable of performing

electronic functions at extremely high speed. It is known

that the speed of response depends on the size of

transistor: the smaller the transistor, the faster it is. The

smaller the computer, the faster it can work.

One more advantage of microelectronics is that smaller de

— vices consume less power. In space satellites and

spaceships this is a very important factor.

Another benefit resulting from microelectronics is the

reduction of distances between circuit components.

Packing density increased with the appearance of small —

scale integrated circuit, medium — scale IС, large — scale IС

and very — large — scale IС. The change in scale was

measured_by the number of transistors on a chip. There

appeared a new type of integrated circuits, microwave integrated circuit. The evolution of microwave IС began

with the development of planar transmission lines. Then

new IС components in a fineline transmission line

appeared. Other more exotic techniques, such as dielectric

waveguide integrated circuits emerged.

Microelectronic technique is continuing to displace

other modes. Circuit patterns are being formed with

radiation having wavelength shorter than those of light.

Electronics has extended man’s intellectual power.

Microelectronics extends that power still further.(Перевод слов не подойдет)

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Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний

Сложная сеть электронных цепей; возможные состояния; хранить (запоминать) числа; обрабатывать символы; размагничивать сердечники; обработка информации; информация в виде команд; символы, называемые данными; выполнять математические операции; выдавать результаты; обеспечивать необходимую информацию; основные свойства; сложение, вычитание, деление, умножение; возведение в степень; средства для общения с пользователем; устройство ввода; дисковод; считывать информацию; вывод информации; катоднолучевая трубка; выполнять тысячи логических операций; без устали; находить решение задачи; человек; в соответствии с введен¬ной программой; вырабатывать свои суждения; возможно¬сти ограничены программой, заложенной в него человеком; дать требуемую информацию; электрические импульсы; мгновенно производить огромное количество математических операций.

Сам текст
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

A computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic circuits thatoperate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores.
The switches, like the cores,are capable of being in one or two possible states, that is, on or off;
magnetized or demagnetized.
The machine is capable of storing andmanipulating numbers, letters, and characters (symbols).

The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the machine do what wewant by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, ormagnetize or do not magnetize the cores.

The basic job of computers is processing of information.
For this reasoncomputers can be defined as devices which accept information in the form ofinstructions, called a program, and characters, called data, performmathematical and / or logical operations on the information, and then supplyresults of these operations.
The program, or part of it, which tells thecomputers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed tosolve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory.

It is considered that computers have many remarkable powers.
Howevermost computers, whether large or small, have three basic capabilities.

First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetic operations, such as:addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation.

Second, computers have a means of communicating with the user.
After all, ifwe couldn’t feed information in and get results back, these machineswouldn’t be of much use.
Some of the most common methods of inputtinginformation are to use terminals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes.
Thecomputer’s input device (a disk drive or tape drive) reads the information intothe computer.
For outputting information two common devices used are: aprinter, printing the new information on paper, and a cathode-ray-tubedisplay, which shows the results on a TV-like screen.

Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions.
The kinds ofdecisions which computer circuits can make are not of the type: «Who wouldwin the war between two countries?»
or «Who is the richest person in theworld?»
Unfortunately, the computer can only decide three things, namely: Isone number less than another?
Are two numbers equal?
and, Is one numbergreater than another?

A computer can solve a series of problems and make thousands of logicaldecisions without becoming tired.
It can find the solution to a problem in afraction of the time it takes a human being to do the job.

A computer can replace people in dull, routine tasks, but it works according tothe instructions given to it.
There are times when a computer seems tooperate like a mechanical ‘brain’, but its achievements are limited by theminds of human beings.
A computer cannot do anything unless a person tellsit what to do and gives it the necessary information;
but because electricpulses can move at the speed of light, a computer can carry out greatnumbers of arithmetic-logical operations almost instantaneously.
A personcan do the same, but in many cases that person would be dead long beforethe job was finished.

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4. Найдите в тексте английские экви

4. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих
словосочетаний:

Функциональный блок; цифровой компьютер; устройство ввода; устройство управления; арифметико-логическое устройство; центральный процессор; структура компьютерной системы; первичное запоминающее устройство; вторичное ЗУ; рассмотрение; поэтому последовательность; оперативное ЗУ; внутренняя память; промежуточные результаты; подобие функции человеческого мозга; размешать содержимое по требованию; система счисления; двоичная система счисления; возможные величины; объем информации; двоичный код; смежные ячейки памяти; последовательность символов; быстродействующее устройство; полупроводник; доступный.